国家外管局


审批个人外汇申请施行细则(附英文)
1981年12月31日，国家外管局

一、为贯彻执行《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第十九条的规定，特制定本细则。
二、本细则所称个人，系指居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人（以下简称个人）。
三、允许个人申请外汇的项目，包括：对境外的临时性汇出汇款；出境旅杂费外汇；华侨投资、存款的调出；移居出境者款项的调出等。
四、个人在境外的直系亲属发生特殊情况（如重病、死亡、意外灾难等），经提供本人单位证明和直系亲属所在地的有关证明，申请临时性外汇，可以酌情批给。
五、对经公安部门批准出境，已办妥前往国家有效入境签证的个人（中国人须取得公安部门“出境回执”），可以供给自我国出境口岸到前往目的地按捷径路线所需的旅杂费外汇。
对持单程出境签证护照离境的个人，除批给旅杂费外汇外，其余按下列规定办理：（一）境内机构按规定发给的退休费、退职生活费、离职补助费、抚恤金，经本人工作单位证明，上一级主管部门核准，并经中国银行审核同意，可准予全部汇出。（二）没有退休费、退职生活费、离职补助费和抚恤金的个人，可视具体情况，酌情供汇。
对批准双程出入境签证的个人，申请汇出退休费、退职生活费、离职补助费、抚恤金的，不予供汇。
六、经公安部门批准出境的个人，收到从境外汇入作为出境时旅杂费之用的外汇，在银行付款前声明要求保留原币的，可以保留，准予在出境时汇出或者携出。
七、境外华侨、港澳同胞以外汇投资于国家或者地方华侨投资公司，其所得的到期股金和股息，按照章程规定，以外汇偿付的，由投资公司支付，可准予汇出；以人民币偿付的，不予供汇。
八、境外华侨、港澳同胞以本人名义存在我国境内银行的华侨人民币存款，如申请汇出，可酌情批给外汇。
九、经公安部门批准全家移居出境的个人，离境时委托我国境内银行保管的华侨人民币存款，按照存款章程规定，不准汇出；存款人如因经济困难申请汇出，经提供证明，可酌情批给外汇。
十、上述各项外汇申清，应当向所在地外汇管理分局或者授权的中国银行提出，经审查同意后，准予汇出或者携出。
十一、本细则由国家外汇管理总局发布施行。(附英文)

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL OFAPPLICATIONS BY INDIVIDUALS FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EXAMINATION AND APPROVAL OF
APPLICATIONS BY INDIVIDUALS FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE
(Approved by the State Council on December 31, 1981, promulgated
by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control on December 31,
1981)
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to implement the provisions of Article
19 of the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 2
The "individuals" mentioned in these Rules refers to Chinese, foreign
nationals or stateless persons residing in China (hereinafter referred to
as "individuals").
Article 3
The items for which individuals may apply for foreign exchange include:
incidental remittances to be remitted abroad; travelling and miscellaneous
expenses needed when leaving China; the transfer abroad of investment
funds and bank deposits of overseas Chinese; and the transfer abroad of
funds belonging to persons leaving China and emigrating abroad.
Article 4
In special circumstances (such as serious illness, death or unexpected
mishaps) involving an individual's lineal relative abroad, the individual
may apply for foreign exchange for incidental use, by presenting a
certificate issued by his unit and a pertinent certificate issued by the
locality where his relative resides, and the application may be approved
according to the circumstances.
Article 5
An individual who has been given permission to leave China by the public
security organ, and who has obtained a valid entry visa for the country of
destination (in the case of a Chinese individual, an "exit receipt" must
be obtained from the public security organ), may be provided with foreign
exchange for travelling and miscellaneous expenses needed for the trip via
the shortest route from the port of departure from China to his
destination. With respect to an individual who is leaving the country with
a single-journey exit visa on his passport, in addition to being provided
with foreign exchange for travelling and miscellaneous expenses, his other
requirements for foreign exchange shall be dealt with according to the
following provisions:
(1) Any retirement pay, severance pay, subsidies for leave of absence from
work or pensions for the disabled and for survivors that he has received
from organizations within territory in accordance with relevant provisions
may be permitted to be remitted abroad in tote, provided that he has
obtained the certificate of his unit, the verification of the competent
department at next higher level, and the approval of the Bank of China
after examination.
(2) An individual, who does not enjoy any retirement pay, severance pay,
subsidies for leave of absence from work or pensions for the disabled and
for survivors, may be provided with foreign exchange according to the
actual circumstances. Foreign exchange shall not be provided for an
individual who has been granted a double-journey exit-entry visa and who
has applied for permission to remit abroad his retirement pay, severance
pay, subsidies for leave of absence from work or pensions for the disabled
and for survivors.
Article 6
If an individual who has been granted permission to leave China by the
public security organ has received foreign exchange remitted from abroad
for use as his travelling and miscellaneous expenses when he leaves China
and has made a request to retain the original currency before the bank
effects payment to him, he may retain the money in the original currency
and is permitted to remit or carry it abroad at the time he leaves China.
Article 7
When oveaseas Chinese residing abroad and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots
have invested foreign exchange in national or local overseas Chinese
investment corporations, they may be permitted to remit abroad the share
capital that falls due and dividends that they receive in foreign
exchange, if, according to the corporations' articles of association,
these are to be paid by the investment corporations as such; foreign
exchange shall not be provided if the payments are to be made in Renminbi.
Article 8
When overseas Chinese residing abroad or Hong Kong and Macao compatriots
apply for remitting abroad the money that they have deposited in their own
names in an Overseas Chinese Renminbi Savings Account in banks within
China, they may be provided with foreign exchange upon approval according
to the circumstances.
Article 9
When an individual's entire family have been given permission by the
public security organ to emigrate abroad, he shall not be permitted, in
accordance with the deposit regulations, to remit abroad the money in his
Overseas Chinese Renminbi Savings Account, which he entrusts to a bank in
China for safekeeping at the time he leaves the country; if, compelled by
economic difficulties, the depositor applies for permission to remit his
deposits abroad, he may, on the evidence he submits, be provided with
foreign exchange upon approval according to the circumstances.
Article 10
All types of applications for foreign exchange mentioned above shall be
filed with the local branch office of the State Administration of Foreign
Exchange Control or with the Bank of China authorized to handle such
matters; after examination and approval, such foreign exchange may be
remitted or carried abroad.
Article 11
These Rules shall be promulgated and put into effect by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control.


私自开走被交警扣留的车辆该定何罪

左国新


[案情简介]：2003年3月2日，李某驾车行至某路口时，因违章被交警拦住，交警将其车扣留在交警中队停车场，第二天中午，李某来到交警中队准备接受处理，见值班人员不在，便将自己被扣的车开走，藏匿在亲戚家中。两天后，交警中队发现李某的车辆不见了，立即告知了李某，并提出赔偿李某损失2万元，李某表示同意并接受了交警队赔偿的2万元。
[分歧意见]：
第一种意见认为，李某的行为应定诈骗罪。理由是：李某将车开走后，以非法占有为目的，隐瞒事实真相，使得该中队在找不到车的情况下，“自愿”地向李某赔偿2万元的损失。
第二种意见认为，李某的行为应定盗窃罪。理由是：李某乘中队值班人员不在，把自己被中队扣留的车开走，所采用的手段就是秘密窃取，而且涉案数额巨大，虽然车辆的所有权是李某，但当时车辆正处在交警中队的合法占有状态（交警依法扣车）下，因此，李某的行为构成了盗窃罪。
第三种意见认为，李某的行为应定诈骗罪和盗窃罪。理由是：李某秘密把车开走的行为，构成了盗窃罪，后面隐瞒事实真相，骗取交警中队2万元的行为，构成了诈骗罪，应该数罪并罚。
第四种意见认为，李某的行为是不当得利，不构成犯罪。理由是：李某的车因违章被交警中队扣留，只是暂时失去对该车辆的控制而并没有丧失对该车的所有权，因此，李某私自开走被扣的车辆，因该车所有权属于其本人，李某在主观上没有非法占有公私财产的故意，所以，李某的行为只是一般的行政违法行为，不构成犯罪。至于其后面取得交警中队的2万元，李某并没有刻意虚构事实和隐瞒真相来追求这一“利益”，是交警中队自己“误会”了，所以李某的行为也不构成诈骗罪，李某所得的这2万元钱因无法律上原因，属于不当得利。因此，李某应将2万元返还给交警中队。
[评析]：
笔者同意第二种意见。理由如下：
首先，李某的行为不构成诈骗罪。诈骗罪是指以非法占有为目的，以虚构事实、隐瞒真相的方法，骗取数额较大的公私财物的行为。被害人是由于行为人的虚构事实或隐瞒真相而信以为真，以致“自愿”地将自己所有的财物交给行为人或放弃自己 的财产权。诈骗罪在客观上必须表现为一个特定的发展过程：行为人实施欺骗行为——对方产生或维持认识错误——对方基于认识错误处分（或交付）财产——行为人获得或使第三者获得财产——被害人遭受财产损失。本案中，李某虽有隐瞒车辆去向事实的故意，但这种故意是为了掩盖自己盗窃车辆的行为，并不是有意虚构事实和隐瞒真相，交警中队赔偿李某2万元是因为李某“盗窃”车辆的行为造成的，不是因为李某诈骗而陷于错误意识处分财产，故不成立诈骗罪。
其次，根据刑法第二百六十四条的规定，盗窃罪是指以非法占有为目的，秘密窃取公私财物数额较大或者多次盗窃公私财物的行为。因此，构成盗窃罪必须要符合三个特征：一是形式特征——秘密窃取的方式；二是本质特征——对公私财物的所有权构成侵犯；三是数量特征——达到数额较大的起点或多次盗窃。本案中，李某乘交警值班人员不在，私自开走车辆的行为，是典型的秘密窃取方式，这一点是毫无异议的。争议比较大的，是交警中队暂扣的车辆，算不算公共财产的问题，这也是判断本案罪与非罪的分水岭。根据刑法九十一条第二款规定：在国家机关、国有公司、企业、集体企业和人民团体管理、使用或者运输中的私人财产，以公共财产论。刑法之所以这样规定，是因为这些私人财产一旦受到损失，负有管理、使用、运输的国家或者集体单位要承担赔偿责任。本案中，交警中队扣留李某的车辆，中队就负有管理（保管）该车辆的职责，按上述规定，该车辆就属于公共财产，且数额巨大，因此说，李某私自开走被扣车辆的行为，侵犯了公共财物（数额就是交警中队损失的2万元钱），构成了盗窃罪。
综上所述，李某的行为构成了盗窃罪，不是不当得利，也不构成诈骗罪，不能与盗窃罪实行数罪并罚。


作者：江西省上高县检察院 左国新
邮编：336400