【内容摘要】党的十五大提出：“依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家”。2001年我国加入世界贸易组织，市场经济呼唤法治建设，形势发展要求我们必须建立完善社会主义法律体系，2011年中国特色社会主义法律体系如期形成。各行各业已经基本走上制度化、法治化轨道，国家经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设的各个方面基本实现有法可依，中国正在向法治社会阔步迈进。本文从中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成、内容及其意义三方面进行阐述，目的在于贯彻落实国家“六五”普法规划，继续宣传普及法律常识，弘扬社会主义法治精神，树立社会主义法治理念，让大家知道我国现在究竟有多少部法律？让社会公众共享立法成果。提高领导干部运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展、化解矛盾和维护稳定的能力。更好发挥法治在国家治理和社会管理中作用。切实维护宪法和法律的权威，严格依法办事，加快建设法治国家、法治社会的步伐。
【关键词】中国特色；法律体系；形成；构成；意义

2011年1月24日，吴邦国同志向世人宣告：中国特色社会主义法律体系已经形成。2011年10月27日，国务院对外发布《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书。标志着我国经济、政治、文化、社会以及生态文明建设各个方面总体上做到了有法可依。经过近百年努力，各行各业已经基本走上制度化、法治化轨道。立法成果显著。截至2011年8月，全国人大及其常委会共制定法律524件（包括240部法律，法律解释20多个、有关法律问题的决定182个），国务院制定行政法规706多件，地方人大及其常委会共制定8600多件地方性法规，民族自治地方的人大制定780多件自治条例和单行条例，国务院部委及省级政府制定2万多件部门规章。立法机关及时协调制定、修改与废除关系，全面完成了对现行法律和行政法规、地方性法规的集中清理工作。涵盖社会关系各个方面的法律部门已经齐全，各个法律部门中基本的、主要的法律已经制定，相应的行政法规和地方性法规比较完备，法律体系内部总体做到科学和谐统一，已经实现有法可依。
一、中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成
中国特色社会主义法律体系是在中国共产党领导下，适应中国特色社会主义建设事业的历史进程而逐步形成的，大致可以分为这样几个阶段：从新中国成立初期至“文化大革命”前的民主法治建设，为建设中国特色社会主义法律体系提供了宝贵经验；从20世纪70年代末到90年代初，适应恢复重建国家法治、实行改革开放的需要，确立国家和社会关系中基本的、主要的法律制度，为推动和保障改革开放顺利进行提供法治保障；从20世纪90年代初到20世纪末，适应建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制的需要，确立和完善市场经济方面的法律制度，为促进社会主义市场经济健康有序发展提供法律支撑；进入21世纪以来，适应全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会的需要，完善促进科学发展、促进社会和谐等方面的法律制度，形成中国特色社会主义法律体系。
改革开放33年来，在党中央的领导下，经过全体立法人的努力探索，走出了一条中国特色的立法路子，取得辉煌的立法成就，形成了中国特色社会主义法律体系，成绩来之不易，经验弥足珍贵。成功经验有五条：坚持党的领导；坚持以中国特色社会主义理论体系为指导；坚持从中国国情和实际出发；坚持以人为本、立法为民；坚持社会主义法制统一。
中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，体现了几代立法人的艰辛，更体现全国人民的集体智慧。然而法律的生命力在于实施。现在有法可依的问题已经解决，有法必依、执法必严、违法必究的就显得非常重要，这是人民群众普遍关注、各方面反映强烈的问题。我们必须严格依法办事，切实保障宪法和法律的有效实施，维护宪法和法律的权威和尊严，坚持依法行政和公正司法，增强全社会的法律意识和法治观念，确保各国家机关把人民赋予的权力真正用来为人民谋利益。依法治国依法执政依法行政共同推进，法治国家法治政府法治社会一并建设。
二、中国特色社会主义法律体系的构成
中国特色社会主义法律体系以宪法为统帅，以法律为主干，由宪法相关法、民法商法、行政法、经济法、社会法、刑法、诉讼与非诉讼程序法等多个法律部门组成的有机统一整体，也就是以行政法、民法和刑法三大部门法律为基础，在原来“一五”普法规划的内容“九法一例”的基础上，与时间俱进，发展状大起来的，包括法律、行政法规、地方性法规三个层次。具体有以下六大部门法律体系。
（一）中国特色社会主义宪法法律体系
包括宪法与相关法38部和一批行政法规、地方性法规。具体有《宪法》、《全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》、《地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》、《全国人民代表大会组织法》、《国务院组织法》、《人民法院组织法》、《人民检察院组织法》、《香港特别行政区基本法》、《澳门特别行政区基本法》、《民族区域自治法》、《村民委员会组织法》、《居民委员会组织法》、《立法法》、《法官法》、《检察官法》、《律师法》、《环境保护法》、《文物保护法》、《缔结条约程序法》、《领海及毗连区法》、《专属经济区和大陆架法》、《海岛保护法》、《反分裂国家法》、《国旗法》、《国徽法》、《国籍法》、《各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督法》、《集会游行示威法》、《国家安全法》、《戒严法》等。
（二）中国特色社会主义行政法律体系
包括79部行政法律和法规。有《国务院组织法》、《全国人民代表大会组织法》、《地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》、《公务员法》、《编制法》5个行政组织法；《行政处罚法》、《行政复议法》、《国家赔偿法》、《行政监察法》、《行政许可法》、《行政强制法》7部行政监督法；60多部行政行为法：《海关法》、《进出口商品检验法》、《治安管理处罚法》、《道路交通安全法》、《人口与计划生育法》、《信访条例》、《教育法》、《义务教育法》、《教师法》、《高等教育法》、《职业教育法》、《居民身份证法》、《外国人入境出境管理法》、《枪支管理法》、《消防法》、《边防法》、《禁毒法》、《监狱法》、《治安管理处罚法》、《突发事件应对法》、《人民警察法》、《武装警察法》、《驻外外交人员法》、《行政机关公务员处分条例》、《国防动员法》、《国防教育法》、《军事设施保护法》、《人民防空法》、《兵役法》、《预备役军官法》、《科学技术进步法》、《科学技术普及法》、《促进科学技术成果转化法》、《文物保护法》、《非物质文化遗产法》、《政府采购法》、《土地管理法》、《矿产资源法》、《防震减灾法》、《环境保护法》、《水污染防治法》、《海洋环境保护法》、《大气污染防治法》、《环境噪声污染防治法》、《环境影响评价法》、《固体废物污染环境防治法》、《放射性污染防治法》、《食品安全法》、《药品管理法》、《母婴保健法》、《职业医师法》《献血法》、《传染病防治法》、《体育法》、《全民健身纲要》、《国境卫生检疫法》、《石油天然气管道保护法》、《邮政法》、《测绘法》、《城乡规划法》等。
（三）中国特色社会主义刑事法律体系
包括现行《刑法》、《刑事诉讼法》和8个刑法修正案以及关于惩治骗购外汇、逃汇和非法买卖外汇犯罪的决定、9个有关刑法规定的法律解释。（略）
（四）中国特色社会主义民事法律体系
包括33部民商事法律和一大批规范商事活动的行政法规、地方性法规。具体有《民法通则》、《合同法》、《物权法》、《侵权责任法》、《农村土地承包法》、《婚姻法》、《收养法》、《继承法》、《涉外民事关系法律适用法》、《公司法》、《合伙企业法》、《个人独资企业法》、《中外合资经营企业法》、《外资企业法》、《中外合作经营企业法》、《商业银行法》、《证券投资基金法》、《农民专业合作社法》、《证券法》、《海商法》、《对外贸易法》、《票据法》、《保险法》、《专利法》、《商标法》、《著作权法》、《广告法》、《进出境动植物检疫法》、《动物防疫法》、《电子签名法》、《计算机软件保护条例》、《集成电路布图设计保护条例》、《著作权集体管理条例》、《信息网络传播权保护条例》、《植物新品种保护条例》、《知识产权海关保护条例》、《特殊标志管理条例》、《奥林匹克标志保护条例》、《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》、《反倾销和反补贴条例》等。
（五）中国特色社会主义诉讼法律体系
包括诉讼与非诉讼程序法方面10部法律。具体是《刑事诉讼法》、《民事诉讼法》、《行政诉讼法》、《仲裁法》、《人民调解法》、《引渡法》、《海事诉讼特别程序法》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》、《农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁法》等。
（六）中国特色社会主义经济法律体系
包括60多部经济法律和一批相关行政法规、地方性法规。具体有《预算法》、《价格法》、《人民银行法》、《商业银行法》、《银行业监督管理法》、《外资银行管理条例》、《反垄断法》、《反洗钱法》、《信托法》、《企业所得税法》、《个人所得税法》、《车船税法》、《税收征收管理法》、《增值税暂行条例》、《营业税暂行条例》、《城市维护建设税暂行条例》、《烟草专卖法》、《统计法》、《会计法》、《审计法》、《农业法》、《种子法》、《农产品质量安全法》、《铁路法》、《公路法》、《民用航空法》、《电力法》、《煤炭法》、《土地管理法》、《森林法》、《草原法》、《水法》、《矿产资源法》、《节约能源法》、《可再生能源法》、《循环经济促进法》、《清洁生产促进法》、《公司法》、《全民所有制工业企业法》、《拍卖法》、《企业破产法》、《国有资产管理法》、《中外合资经营企业法》、《中外合作经营企业法》、《外资企业法》、《城镇集体企业条例》、《乡村集体企业条例》、《乡镇企业法》、《私营企业暂行条例》、《合伙企业法》、《个人独资企业法》、《合同法》、《证券法》、《票据法》、《担保法》、《专利法》、《商标法》、《著作权法》、《反不正当竞争法》、《招标投标法》、《计量法》、《标准化法》、《产品质量法》、《消费者权益保护法》、《城市房地产管理法》、《矿山安全法》、《职业病防治法》、《安全生产法》、《工会法》、《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》、《就业促进法》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》、《红十字会法》、《公益事业捐赠法》、《基金会管理条例》、《保险法》、《军人保险法》、《社会保险法》、《失业保险条例》、《工伤保险条例》、《社会保险费征缴暂行条例》、《农村五保供养工作条例》、《城市流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》、《法律援助条例》、《自然灾害救助条例》、《城市居民最低生活保障条例》、《残疾人保障法》、《未成年人保护法》、《妇女权益保障法》、《老年人权益保障法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》、《归侨侨眷权益保护法》等。
三、建立中国特色社会主义法律体系的重大意义
建成中国特色社会主义法律体系，如期完成国家立法规划工作任务。 这是我国民主法制建设史上的重要里程碑，意义重大。
　　一是中国特色社会主义永葆本色的法治根基
走自己的路，建设中国特色社会主义法律体系，是以宪法和法律的形式，确立了国家的根本制度和根本任务，确立了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观的指导地位。把党的领导、人民主权和依法治国三者有机统一起来。确保国家永远沿着中国特色社会主义的正确方向奋勇前进。
　　二是中国特色社会主义创新实践的法治体现
　　改革开放以来，我们始终坚持以经济建设为中心，成功实现了从计划经济向市场经济的过渡、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折，极大地调动了亿万人民的积极性，极大地促进社会生产力的快速发展。及时把改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实践经验上升为法律，并与时俱进，根据新情况新问题，及时制定和完善经济、政治、文化、社会和生态等方面的法律制度，充分发挥法律的规范、引导、保障和促进作用。中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，从制度上、法律上保障国家始终坚持改革开放的正确方向，着力构建充满活力、富有效率、更加开放、有利于科学发展的体制机制，推动我国社会主义法制建设的不断发展完善。
　　三是中国特色社会主义兴旺发达的法治保障
　　实现社会主义现代化，是中国人民的百年梦想。我们高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系和中国特色社会主义制度体系，我们已经取得的发展成就离不开法治的保障，我们奋力开创更加美好的未来也离不开法治的保障。
中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，把国家各项事业发展纳入法制化轨道，从制度上、法律上解决了国家发展中带有根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性的问题，为社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善、社会主义民主政治的深入发展、社会主义先进文化的日益繁荣、社会主义和谐社会的积极构建，确定了明确的价值取向、发展方向和根本路径，为实现中华民族伟大复兴奠定了坚实的法治基础。
总之，中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，是我党四代领导核心集体智慧的结晶，是各方面长期共同努力的结果。体现了几代立法人的艰辛和智慧，标志者我国的国际地位和影响力的提升，标志者我国已经成为真正市场经济国家与法治国家。体现了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大成果，是中国社会主义民主法治建设的一个重要里程碑。社会实践永无止境，法律体系也要与时俱进。建设中国特色社会主义是一项长期的历史任务，完善中国特色社会主义法律体系同样是一项长期而又艰巨的任务，必须随着中国特色社会主义实践的发展不断向前推进。法律的生命力在于实施，有法不依，法律就等于一纸空文。必须采取有效措施，切实保障宪法和法律的有效实施，加快推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的进程。

【参考文献】
1、国务院：《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书，2011年10月27日国新办发。
2、2011年3月10日吴邦国委员长作全国人大常委会工作报告 。http://news.eastday.com/c/2011lh/u1a5773791.html
3、王兆国：关于形成中国特色社会主义法律体系的几个问题 。载于《中新网》，2011-03-26.
4、李倩：《中国特色社会主义法律体系建构的思考》，载于《思想理论教育导刊 》2011(12)。
5、尹士海：《论宪法在中国特色社会主义法律体系建构与发展中的作用》，载于《法制与社会》2010（30）。

作者简介：洪碧华，男，中共漳州市委党校管理学教研室副主任、副教授


中国银行业监督管理委员会




China Banking Regulatory Commission No. 4 Order
Upon the approval of the State Council, the Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company is now promulgated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.





Chairman Liu Mingkang

October 3, 2003





Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 The Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) is stipulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations to serve the need of developing auto financing business and regulating the business activities of the non-bank financial institutions engaging in auto financing business.



Article 2 Auto financing companies referred to in the Rules are defined as non-bank financial legal entities charted by the China Banking Regulatory Commission in compliance with relevant laws, regulations and the Rules to provide loans for auto buyers and dealers in the mainland of China.



Article 3 Auto financing companies are supervised and regulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Chapter II Incorporation, Change and Termination


Article 4 The establishment of an auto financing company shall be subject to the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Without the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, no individual or entity shall be allowed to establish an auto financing company, or engage in auto financing business, or include in the name of a company such names as “auto financing” or “auto loan” that indicate the company’s engagement in auto financing business



Article 5 An investor of an auto financing company shall satisfy following requirements:

(a) It shall be a corporate legal entity incorporated in and outside China.

If the investor is a non-financial entity, its total assets of the previous year shall be no less than RMB4 billion yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies; its annual business revenue of the previous year shall be no less than RMB2 billion yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies.

If the investor is a non-bank financial institution, its registered capital shall be no less than RMB300 million yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies;

(b) It shall have sound business performance and remain profitable for the last three consecutive years;

(c) It shall comply with the laws of the countries where it is incorporated and shall have a clean record;

(d) In case of the largest investor, it shall be an auto enterprise or a non-bank financial institution.

The auto enterprise refers to an enterprise that manufactures and sells the whole unit of an automobile.

The largest investor refers to the investor with the largest share of capital and its capital contribution accounting for no less than 30 percent of the total equity of the auto financing company;

(e) It shall not invest in more than one auto financing company; and

(f) It shall satisfy other prudential supervisory requirements set forth by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 6 An auto financing company shall satisfy the following conditions in order to be incorporated:

a) the minimum amount of registered capital required by the Rules;

b) Articles of Association that complies with relevant laws including the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Rules;

c) senior management familiar with auto financing and other related business;

d) a sound organizational structure, management and risk control systems;

e) proper business premises, safety measures and other facilities for business operations; and

f) other conditions set out by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 7 The minimum registered capital of an auto financing company shall be no less than RMB500 million yuan or an equivalent amount in convertible currencies. Registered capital shall be paid-in capital.



The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall have the power to adjust the minimum registered capital of an auto financing company in line with the developments of auto financing business and the prudential requirements, but the adjusted floor shall not be lower than the amount provided in this Article.



Article 8 The establishment of an auto financing company shall cover two stages, i.e. the preparation stage and the business commencement stage. The Chinese text of all application documents for the preparation and the business commencement stages shall prevail.



Article 9 To apply for the preparation of a prospective auto financing company, the largest investor of the company shall act as the applicant and submit the following documents to the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) an application letter, including the auto financing company’s name, location of incorporation, registered capital, business scope and investors’ names and amounts of investment, etc.;

(b) a feasibility study on establishing the auto financing company, including a market analysis, a business plan, the organizational structure, an assessment of the company’s risk control capability, the proforma balance sheet and profits in the following three years after the business commencement;

(c) an Articles of Association of the auto financing company (a draft note);

(d) basic information of each investor of the auto financing company, including name, legal representative, location of incorporation, a photocopy of the business license and a summary of business performance, etc.;

(e) the investor’s balance sheet, profit and loss statement and cash flow statement for the latest three years audited by qualified auditing firms;

(f) name and resume of the person in charge of the preparation; and

(g) other documents required by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



If the applicant is a foreign non-bank financial institution, it shall submit the consent of its home country supervisory authority in writing. If the applicant is a non-financial entity, it shall submit the credit rating report of the previous year by a rating agency.



Article 10 The China Banking Regulatory Commission, upon receiving a complete set of application documents for the preparation of an auto financing company, shall provide its decision of approval or denial in writing within six months.



Article 11 The applicant shall, upon receiving the approval letter from the China Banking Regulatory Commission, complete the preparation within six months. If the applicant has justification for prolonging the preparation stage beyond the prescribed period, it shall submit a written application to the China Banking Regulatory Commission before the original deadline falls due, and may extend the preparation stage for up to three months subject to the approval.



If the applicant fails to apply for business commencement upon the completion of the preparation stage or the extended preparation stage, the original approval document for the preparation shall become void automatically.



During the preparation stage, the applicant shall not conduct any auto financing business.



Article 12 The applicant shall, before the deadline of the preparation stage or the extended preparation stage, apply for business commencement to the China Banking Regulatory Commission with the following attachments:



(a) a report on completion of the preparation and an application letter for business commencement;

(b) a certification of paid-in capital issued by a qualified Chinese certifying agency, and a registration certificate issued by the State Administration of Industry and Commerce;

(c) articles of Association of the auto financing company;

(d) names and detailed resumes of proposed senior managerial personnel;

(e) name and capital contribution of each shareholder;

(f) proposed business rules and procedures and internal controls;

(g) verification documents on business premises and other business-related facilities issued by relevant authorities; and

(h) other documents required by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 13 The China Banking Regulatory Commission, upon receiving a complete set of business commencement application documents, shall provide its decision of approval or denial of the application within three months. If the application is approved, the applicant shall receive a written approval letter attached with a license to conduct financial business with the prescribed business scope. If the application is denied, the applicant shall receive a written notice in which reasons for denial are provided.



The applicant shall, before commencing operations, register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce with the presentation of the license to conduct financial business, and receive a corporate legal entity business License.



The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall revoke the license to conduct financial business and issue a public notice of the revocation if the auto financing company, after receiving the business license, fails without justification to open business within three months, or, without approval, stops operation for six consecutive months after business commencement.



Article 14 An auto financing company shall not set up any branch or subsidiary.



Article 15 The appointment of the senior managerial personnel of an auto financing company shall be either subject to the qualification review by the China Banking Regulatory Commission or filed with the China Banking Regulatory Commission for record.



The chairman of the board of directors, general manager and deputy general manager, executive directors, and chief financial officer of an auto financing company are subject to the qualification view by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The qualifications of these senior managerial personnel and procedures relating to qualification review and filing for record shall be issued separately.



Article 16 An auto financing company, in case of any of the following changes, shall seek the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) change of company name;

(b) change of registered capital;

(c) change of business premises;

(d) change of business scope;

(e) change of organizational structure;

(f) change of equity structure;

(g) revision of Articles of Association;

(h) change of senior managerial personnel;

(i) merger or split; and

(j) other changes that require the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 17 The liquidation of an auto financing company whose operation is terminated because of dissolution, closure or bankruptcy, shall be carried out in compliance with relevant laws and regulations.



Chapter III Business Scope and Supervision


Article 18 An auto financing company may conduct all or part of the following lines of Renminbi business with the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) taking deposits with maturity of no less than three months from its shareholders in the mainland of China;

(b) extending loans for auto purchase;

(c) extending loans to auto dealers for purpose of purchasing automobiles or facilities for operations (including the show-room construction, purchase of spare parts and equipment repairs);

(d) transferring and selling auto loan receivables;

(e) borrowing from financial institutions;

(f) providing guarantee for auto purchase financing;

(g) agency business relating to auto purchase financing; and

(h) other loan business approved by The China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 19 An auto financing company, in case of extending loans to a natural person for auto purchase, shall observe relevant rules governing the auto loans to individual buyers promulgated by the relative supervisory authority. In case of extending auto loans to a legal entity or other organizations, an auto financing company shall observe relevant rules set out by General Provisions of Loans and other regulations.



Article 20 An auto financing company, without the approval of relevant regulatory authorities, shall not issue bonds or borrow funds from overseas. When an auto financing company’s establishment and business operations involve currency exchange, outward repatriation of profits, provision of auto loans for non-residents, capital management or other business transactions relating to foreign exchange administration, the company shall be subject to relevant regulations to be jointly issued by relative regulatory authorities and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.



Article 21 An auto financing company shall meet the requirement on the capital to risk assets ratio, and the capital adequacy ratio shall not be less than ten percent. The China Banking Regulatory Commission may increase the minimum requirement of capital adequacy ratio of an individual company in line with the company’s risk profile and risk management capability. Other requirements on risk control and management relating to various kinds of assets shall be issued separately by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 22 An auto financing company shall adopt relevant accounting rules for financial institutions.



Article 23 An auto financing company shall compile in required format and submit to the China Banking Regulatory Commission the balance sheet, the profit and loss Statement, the cash flow statement and other statements required by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, and submit the financial statements of the previous year within three months after the end of each accounting year.



An auto financing company shall not provide false financial statements, or statements in which important facts are concealed.



Article 24 An auto financing company shall establish and improve various business management systems and internal controls in line with Guidelines on Strengthening Internal Controls of Commercial Banks issued by the People’s Bank of China, and report the systems to the China Banking Regulatory Commission before their implementation.



Article 25 An auto financing company shall accept the on-site examination and the off-site surveillance by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 26 The China Banking Regulatory Commission may call the legal representatives or other senior managerial personnel of an auto financing company for inquiries into problems discovered during regular examinations, and demand the company to correct within a prescribed time frame.



Article 27 An auto financing company shall establish a system of external audit on a regular basis and submit to the China Banking Regulatory Commission annual auditor’s report signed by the company’s legal representative within six months after the end of each accounting year.



Article 28 An auto financing company, in case of encountering payment difficulties or other emergencies, shall take remedial actions, and promptly report to the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Article 29 The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall demand remedial actions by an auto financing company in case of the following circumstances:

(a) The company suffers from a loss in the current year of above 50 percent of the registered capital or losses in the last three consecutive years of above 10 percent of the registered capital;

(b) The company is in payment difficulties; and

(c) The company faces other major operational risks that the China Banking Regulatory Commission deems necessary to issue an order for corrective actions.



Article 30 The China Banking Regulatory Commission, after issuing an order for corrective actions to an auto financing company, may take the following enforcement actions:

(a) demanding or prohibiting the change of the company’s senior managerial personnel;

(b) suspending part of the company’s business or prohibiting the company’s engagement in new business lines;

(c) demanding an increase of the company’s capital within a prescribed time frame;

(d) demanding the company to change its equity structure or implement other forms of restructuring;

(e) prohibiting the dividend distribution; and

(f) other enforcement actions that the China Banking Regulatory Commission deems necessary.



Article 31 An auto financing company, when receiving an order for remedial actions, shall not resume normal business operations until the following conditions are met and are approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission:

(a) Solvency is restored;

(b) Losses are covered; and

(c) Major operational risks are addressed.



Article 32 The maximum time limit that an auto financing company is allowed for corrective actions shall not exceed one year. If the company fails to meet the objectives of remedial actions within the prescribed time limit, its operation shall be terminated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.



Article 33 Auto financing companies may establish a trade association for self-regulation purposes. The activities of the trade association are subject to the guidance and oversight of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.



Chapter IV Legal Liabilities


Article 34 Any establishment of an auto financing company or any auto financing business without the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall be banned. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liabilities shall be investigated. If the case dose not constitute a crime, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall confiscate the illegal earnings and impose a fine between one to five times the illegal earnings. If no illegal earnings are involved, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue an order for remedial actions and impose a fine of no less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan.



Article 35 The China Banking Regulatory Commission shall demand correction and impose a fine of RMB1000 yuan if a company, without the approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, includes in its name such words as “auto finance”, “auto loan”, etc. that indicate the company’s engagement in auto financing business.



Article 36 In case of an auto financing company being found to engage in business activities beyond its prescribed business scope, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue a warning against the company, confiscate the illegal earnings and impose a fine in a range of one to five times the illegal earnings. If no illegal earnings are involved, the China Banking Regulatory Commission imposes a fine of no less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan. If the case constitutes a crime, the criminal liabilities shall be investigated.



Article 37 In case of an auto financing company being found in violation of relevant provisions of the Rules to provide false financial statements or statements in which important facts are concealed, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue a warning against the company, and impose a fine of no less than RMB100,000 yuan and no more than RMB500,000 yuan. If the case constitutes a crime, the criminal liabilities shall be investigated.



Article 38 In case of an auto financing company being found in violation of relevant provisions of the Rules to reject or impede the examinations and oversight by the supervisor, the China Banking Regulatory Commission shall issue a warning against the company, and impose a fine of no less than RMB10,000 yuan and no more than RMB30,000 yuan.



Article 39 An auto financing company, in case of being found in violation of the Rules, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 34 to Article 38. If the violation is a serious one, the China Banking Regulatory Commission may ban the company’s senior managerial personnel from holding senior management position for one to ten years, or in some particular case, for life.



Article 40 An auto financing company, in case of being found in violation of other Chinese laws and regulations, shall be subject to enforcement actions by relevant regulatory authorities.



Chapter V Supplementary Provisions


Article 41 The Rules is applicable to all auto financing companies incorporated in the mainland of China funded by investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan province.



Article 42 The Rules enters into effect on October 3, 2003, and the power of the interpretation rests with the China Banking Regulatory Commission.